None of those men of former times was a voluntary enemy to me; all of them were attacked by me for the sake of the republic. 31XIII. Let us come to more important subjects. But, since the republic has been now deprived of those men whom I have named, many and illustrious as they were, let us come to the living, since two of the men of consular rank are still left to us: Lucius Cotta, a man of the greatest genius and the most consummate prudence, proposed a supplication in my honour for those very actions with which you find fault, in the most complimentary language, and those very men of consular rank whom I have named, and the whole senate, adopted his proposal; an honour which has never been paid to any one else in the garb of peace from the foundation of the city to my time. You appear to be somewhat agitated. Listen, listen, O conscript fathers, and learn the blows which are inflicted on the republic. Whole storehouses were abandoned to the most worthless of men. Then, as is the usual course, the votes are announced. Put / Ort / set; Bahnhof / Post; Pech; verorten; Einrichtung zu errichten; mis/endroit/ensemble ; station/poteau ; lancement ; situer ; installation ; droit, put / luogo / set; stazione / post; pece; situare, istituito; eretto, puesto/lugar/sistema; estación/poste; echada; situar; disposición; erguido, move, set in motion; excite/rouse/stir up; urge on; summon/muster/call up, bewegen, in Bewegung zu setzen, erregen / erwecken / schüren; Drang auf, rufen / muster / Aufruf, se déplacer, mettre en marche ; exciter/rouse/remuent ; recommander dessus ; appeler/rassemblement/appellent, spostare, mettere in moto, eccitare / suscitare / suscitare, incitare, chiamare / Mustér / richiamare, moverse, fijar en el movimiento; excitar/rouse/suscitan; impulso encendido; convocar/asamblea/llaman, urge on, encourage; promote, excite; summon; set in motion; move; cite, fordere auf, zu fördern; zu fördern, anzuregen; zu rufen, in Bewegung zu setzen, zu bewegen; Zitieren, le recommander dessus, encouragent ; favoriser, exciter ; appeler ; mettre en marche ; mouvement ; citer, incitare, incoraggiare, promuovere, stimolare, evocare, messo in moto, muoversi; citare, el impulso encendido, anima; promover, excitar; convocar; fijar en el movimiento; movimiento; citar, , cita -um, citior -or -us, citissimus -a -um, quick, swift, rapid; moving/acting/passing/occurring quickly, speedy; early, schnell, schnell, schnell; ergreifend / Schauspiel / Abblend-und auftretende schnell, schnelle, frühzeitige, vite, rapide, rapide ; déplacement/action/dépassement/se produisant rapidement, prompt ; tôt, rapido, veloce, rapido; in movimento / qualità / passaggio / che si verificano in modo rapido, veloce, presto, aprisa, rápido, rápido; mudanza/actuación/paso/que ocurre rápidamente, rápido; temprano, quickly/fast/speedily, with speed; soon, before long; readily; easily, schnell / schnell / schnell, mit Geschwindigkeit, bald, es dauerte nicht lange, leicht, einfach, rapidement/rapide/rapidement, avec la vitesse ; bientôt, d'ici peu ; aisément ; facilement, rapido / veloce / rapido, con velocità, presto, presto, subito, facilmente, rápidamente/rápido/rápido, con velocidad; pronto, después de poco tiempo; fácilmente; fácilmente, tam distantibus in locis positas tam cito, devour; swallow up; engulf, submerge; engross; absorb, suck in; import; dry up, verschlingen; verschlingen; verschlingen, tauchen; vertiefen; aufnehmen, saugen; import, trocken bis, dévorer ; s'engloutir ; engloutir, submerger ; rédiger ; absorber, sucer dedans ; importation ; sécher vers le haut, divorare, inghiottire, inghiottire, immergere, assorbire, assorbire, succhiare, importazione, fino a secco, devorar; tragar para arriba; engullir, sumergirse; absorber; absorber, aspirar adentro; importación; secarse, devour; overwhelm; swallow up/engulf, submerge; absorb, suck in; import; dry up, verschlingen; überwältigen; verschlingen / verschlingen, tauchen, zu absorbieren, saugen; import, trocken bis, dévorer ; accabler ; avaler up/engulf, submerger ; absorber, sucer dedans ; importation ; sécher vers le haut, divorano; sopraffare; inghiottire / fagocitare, sommergere, assorbire, succhiare, importazione, fino a secco, devorar; abrumar; tragar up/engulf, sumergirse; absorber, aspirar adentro; importación; secarse, tam distantibus in locis positas tam cito absorbere, nothing; no; trifle/thing not worth mentioning; nonentity; nonsense; no concern, nichts, nein, wenig / was nicht der Rede wert; Null, Unsinn, keine Sorge, rien, non, peu / pas de mentionner chose; néant; un non-sens, pas de souci, nulla, no, scherzare / cosa non vale la pena menzionare, nullità, sciocchezza, nessuna preoccupazione, nada, no, algo / algo que no vale la pena mencionar; nulidad; sin sentido, sin preocupación, limp, stumble/falter/hesitate; be weak/imperfect, fall short; be lame, hobble, schlaff, stolpern / Falter / zögern, schwach / unvollständig, zu kurz; lahmen, humpeln, mou, le trébuchement/hésitent/hésitent ; être faible/imparfait, faire défaut ; être boiteux, entrave, zoppicare, inciampare / vacillare / esiti; essere debole / imperfetta, inferiori; essere zoppo, zoppicare, blando, el tropiezo/vacila/vacila; ser débil/imperfecto, faltar; ser hoja de metal, cojera, close, shut, block up; conclude, finish; blockade, besiege; enclose; confine, zu schließen, schließen, versperren; schließen, finish; Blockade, belagern; umschließen; beschränken, se fermer, fermer, bloquer vers le haut ; conclure, finir ; le blocus, assiègent ; enfermer ; confins, Chiudere, chiudere, tappare, concludere, finire, blocco, assediare, racchiudere, confinare, cerrarse, cerrar, bloquear; concluir, acabar; el bloqueo, sitia; incluir; encierro, boitent, le trébuchement/hésitent/hésitent ; être faible/imparfait, faire défaut ; être boiteux, entrave, cojea, el tropiezo/vacila/vacila; ser débil/imperfecto, faltar; ser hoja de metal, cojera, closed, inaccessible; impervious to feeling; shut/locked in, enclosed, geschlossen, unzugänglich, unempfindlich gegen Gefühl, shut / eingeschlossen, umschlossen, fermé, inaccessible; imperméable aux sentiments, fermez / enfermé, clos, chiuso, inaccessibile, impermeabile ai sentimenti; chiuso / bloccato, chiuso, inaccesibles cerrada,; impermeable al sentimiento; cierre / bloqueado, cerrado, something written; written communication; literary work, etwas geschrieben, schriftliche Mitteilung; literarisches Werk, quelque chose d'écrit, la communication écrite; œuvre littéraire, qualche cosa scritta; documento scritto, opera letteraria, algo escrito, la comunicación escrita; obra literaria, Schreiber's office; werden ein Angestellter, escribano de la oficina, siendo un empleado, store-house, store-room, repository; wine-cellar, store-Haus, Abstellraum, Repository, Wein-Keller, magasin-maison, magasin, garde, cave à vin, negozio-casa, ripostiglio, deposito; cantina, whole, all, entire, total, complete; every part; all together/at once, Insgesamt alle, ganze, total, vollständig, jedes Teil, alle zusammen / auf einmal, tout, tout, tout, total, complet, chaque partie; tous ensemble / à la fois, tutto, tutto, intero, totale, completo: ogni parte, tutti insieme / in una sola volta, todo, todo, todo, completo total, cada parte; todos juntos / a la vez, nihil scriptum. He has taken his keys from her, and turned her out of doors. “Arms to the gown must yield.” Well, have they not yielded? Consider, I beg you, Marcus Antonius, do some time or other consider the republic: think of the family of which you are born, not of the men with whom you are living. For I confess that you could have done it. What have you to oppose to me, O you eloquent man, as you seem at least to Mustela Tamisius, and to Tiro Numisius? 92To other men the republic now seemed established, but it did not appear so at all to me, as I was afraid of every sort of shipwreck, as long as you were at the helm. and when you did so, not once only, but repeatedly? [2] Num vero multo sum erectior, quod vos quoque illum hostem esse tanto consensu tantoque clamore adprobavistis. He thought it impossible to prove to the satisfaction of those men who resembled himself, that he was an enemy to his country, if he was not also an enemy to me. I who, as I myself confess, am an intimate friend of those men, and, as you accuse me, an accomplice of theirs, deny that there is any medium between these alternatives. unless, indeed, you choose to admit that you measure everything by your own gain, and not by his dignity. 2.Struktur der Rede §1-2: Darstellung der gegenwärtigen Situation im Reich und Forderung an den Senat sofort zu handeln § 3-14: Private Initiativen gegen Antonius von Einzelpersonen und Gruppen und Aufforderung Ciceros gegen Antonius vorzugehen § 3-5: Oktavian wirbt 2 Legionen des Antonius ab: Cicero betont, dass ein Kriegszustand schon It was too long to wait for Cæsar himself to come! Can you find one single article in this long speech of mine, to which you trust that you can make any answer? I do not wish to press upon any one in misfortune; I only complain, in the first place, that the return of those men has had discredit thrown upon it, whose cause Cæsar judged to be different from that of the rest; and in the second place, I do not know why you do not mete out the same measure to all. Cicero - Philippicae 2, 55 Ut igitur in seminibus est causa arborum et stirpium, sic huius luctuosissimi belli semen tu fuisti. But I have nothing to do with Cæsar. who was there, who did not give in his name? You accused a most chaste woman of misconduct. But who is there who does not know with what great perfidy both of you treated Dolabella in that business? 6However, grant that it was a kindness, since no greater kindness could be received from a robber, still in what point can you call me ungrateful? Well, this concerned the common interests of the whole party. 114But if those deliverers of ours have taken themselves away out of our sight, still they have left behind the example of their conduct. I persuaded the father to pay the son’s debts; to release the young man, endowed as he was with great promise of courage and ability, by the sacrifice of part of his family estate; and to use his privileges and authority as a father to prohibit him not only from all intimacy with, but from every opportunity of meeting you. For he had finished the business before any one could suspect that he was going to do it. Men came from Casinum, from Aquinum, from Interamna to salute him. When about the tenth hour of the day he had arrived at Red Rocks, he skulked into a little petty wine-shop, and, hiding there, kept on drinking till evening. Beispiel: Erster Satz! 51For when, in the consulship of Lucius Lentulus and Marcus Marcellus, you, on the first of January, were anxious to prop up the republic, which was tottering and almost falling, and were willing to consult the interests of Caius Cæsar himself, if he would have acted like a man in his senses, then this fellow opposed to your counsels his tribuneship, which he had sold and handed over to the purchaser, and exposed his own neck to that axe under which many have suffered for smaller crimes. XXVII. We recollected Cinna being too powerful; after him we had seen Sylla with absolute authority, and we had lately beheld Cæsar acting as king. When you recollected that all this was done by me, would you have dared to provoke me by abuse if you had not been trusting to those swords which we behold? He increased the number of years that magistrates were to enjoy their provinces; moreover, though he was bound to be the defender of the acts of Cæsar, he rescinded them both with reference to public and private transactions. Nothing was shut up, nothing sealed up, no list was made of anything. Id. But, however, we have said too much about trifles. But I was desirous that those most illustrious men, the lights of the republic, should live: so many men of consular rank, so many men of prætorian rank, so many most honourable senators; and besides them all the flower of our nobility and of our youth; and the armies of excellent citizens. That camp was in truth full of anxiety, but although men are in great difficulties, still, provided they are men, they sometimes relax their minds. For you did not say that you had been observing the heavens, and indeed you do not say so this day. This, indeed, is an act of generosity; for what could be a more fertile or richer subject for me, than to have to speak in defence of myself, and against Antonius? In truth, such a defence is full of filial affection. Why, you who had bought their property. 67What Charybdis was ever so voracious? Ought I not to complain of the ruin of the republic, lest I should appear ungrateful towards you? I am afraid that I may be detracting from the glory of some most eminent men. Cæsar had this peculiar characteristic; whoever he knew to be utterly ruined by debt, and needy, even if he knew him also to be an audacious and worthless man, he willingly admitted him to his intimacy. 7.). 29But you, O stupidest of all men, do not you perceive, that if it is a crime to have wished that Cæsar should be slain—which you accuse me of having wished—it is a crime also to have rejoiced at his death? He himself had no power at all; he begged everything of others; and thrusting his head into the hind part of his litter, he begged favours of his colleagues, to sell them himself afterwards. Of what assistance? what was the first of June that you waited for? No greater boon than this can be granted me by the immortal gods. and out of doors rather than at home? And see, now, how gratuitously wicked he was even in accomplishing his wickedness. Many months before, he said in the senate that he would either prevent the comitia from assembling for the election of Dolabella by means of the auspices, or that he would do what he actually did do. How then did Dolabella manage to arrive there? And in others I was less surprised at this. XLI. n. l. se stal aedilem kurulským, v roce 67 př. Cicero - Philippicae 2, 63 Tu istis faucibus, istis lateribus, ista gladiatoria totius corporis firmitate tantum vini in Hippiae nuptiis exhauseras, ut tibi necesse esset in populi Romani conspectu vomere postridie. You mount the steps; you approach his chair; (if you were a priest of Pan, you ought to have recollected that you were consul too;) you display a diadem. That there should be so vast a catalogue, that there should be such a numerous and various list of possessions, of all of which, with the exception of a portion of Misenum, there was nothing which the man who was putting them up to sale could call his own. Will you make any reply to these statements? It was I who supplied him with a pretext for civil war; it was I who proposed mischievous laws; it was I who took up arms against the consuls and generals of the Roman people, against the senate and people of Rome, against the gods of the country, against its altars and hearths, against the country itself. In that man were combined genius, method, memory, literature, prudence, deliberation, and industry. For why should I put myself in the way of your audacity? ” at another, “that it appears not to be unjust. Ought you not to be put in confinement? But just see now what a difference there is between you and your grandfather. 109But he, as having no need of a senate, did not miss any of us, and rather rejoiced at our departure, and immediately proceeded to those marvellous exploits of his. At which time, indeed, if, as I have said before, my counsels and my authority had prevailed, you would this day be in indigence, we should be free, and the republic would not have lost so many generals and so many armies. 41And see now how much he loved you, who, though he did not know whether you were white or black, passed over the son of his brother, Quintus Fufius, a most honourable Roman knight, and most attached to him, whom he had on all occasions openly declared his heir, (he never even names him in his will,) and he makes you his heir whom he had never seen, or at all events had never spoken to. And accordingly, what place did you obtain about Cæsar’s person after his return from Africa? 55As, then, there is in seeds the cause which produces trees and plants, so of this most lamentable war you were the seed. Because I knew of it beforehand? He had already brought a free city, partly by fear, partly by patience, into a habit of slavery. or such shamelessness? Oxford. Oh the abominable profligacy of the man! Now in his house every bedchamber is a brothel, and every dining-room a cookshop. and how great a man might you have been, if you had been able to preserve the inclination you displayed that day;—we should still have peace which was made then by the pledge of a hostage, a boy of noble birth, the grandson of Marcus Bambalio. Everything, in short, which we have seen since that time, (and what misfortune is there that we have not seen?) Caius Cassius, a man of that family which could not endure, I will not say the domination, but even the power of any individual,—he, I suppose, was in need of me to instigate him? But I do not deny it; and in this very point I convict you not only of inhumanity but also of madness. was ever achieved not only in this city, but in all the earth? Besides that, they sought to recover their household gods, the gods of their country, their altars, their hearths, the tutelar gods of their family; all of which you had seized upon. But this man’s ignorance is joined to impudence, nor does he know what an augur ought to know, nor do what a modest man ought to do. Why do not they who are in similar misfortune enjoy a similar degree of your mercy? But in truth, just as some people, through some disease which has blunted the senses, have no conception of the niceness of food, so men who are lustful, avaricious, and criminal, have no taste for true glory. But after you had been produced in the assembly by one of the tribunes of the people, and had replied that you had come on your own private business, you made even the people full of jokes against you. 2 : Cicero Selected Works: 2 : Cicero on Oratory and Orators; with His Letters To Quintus and Brutus: 4 : Brieven van Cicero : een bloemlezing: 1 : Letters to His Friends, Volume III: Books 13-16 (Loeb Classical Library) 11 : A legfőbb jóról és rosszról: 1 : Lettere ai familiari vol. Then, when you had recruited your resources again by his largesses and your own robberies, (if, indeed, a person can be said to recruit, who only acquires something which he may immediately squander,) you hastened, being again a beggar, to the tribuneship, in order that in that magistracy you might, if possible, behave like your friend. not killing me at Brundusium? II. In truth, if twenty years ago in this very temple I asserted that death could not come prematurely upon a man of consular rank, with how much more truth must I now say the same of an old man? Quae Charybdis tam vorax? 62Again you made a tour through Italy, with that same actress for your companion. It was against you, O Marcus Antonius, that the senate, while still in the possession of its rights, before so many of its luminaries were extinguished, passed that decree which, in accordance with the usage of our ancestors, is at times passed against an enemy who is a citizen. ... Cicero - Philippicae 2, 63. When, therefore, this fellow had begun to wallow in the treasures of that great man, he began to exult like a buffoon in a play, who has lately been a beggar, and has become suddenly rich. Lately, too, a document has been posted up by which the most wealthy cities of the Cretans are released from tribute; and by which it is ordained that after the expiration of the consulship of Marcus Brutus, Crete shall cease to be a province. Now mark, also, his incredible folly. Surely you would be reconciled to me if you knew how ashamed I am of your worthlessness, which you yourself are not ashamed of. And even now you keep looking at me; and, as it seems, with great anger. I was offering violence to the senate, I suppose, in order to compel the adoption of those infamous decrees of the senate. Although he denies this:—Do not, do not make inquiries. No lawyer, therefore, not even he who is your lawyer and yours alone, and by whose advice you do all these things, will say that anything is due to you by virtue of that bond for those things which had been recovered before that bond was executed. Or did he wish to contend with me in a rivalry of eloquence? Nor will I make any further reply to you about the verses. No one has ever made me his heir except he was a friend of mine, in order that my grief of mind for his loss might be accompanied also with some gain, if it was to be considered as such. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Do you not know that I am speaking of matters with which I am thoroughly acquainted? Who can decide whether it was more shameless of you to make such profligate and such impious statements against that unhappy woman in the senate, or more wicked to make them against Dolabella, or more scandalous to make them in the presence of her father, or more cruel to make them at all? Set before you the joy of the senate and people of Rome; compare it with this infamous market held by you and by your friends; and then you will understand how great is the difference between praise and profit. By whom are they produced and vouched for? more deserving of every sort of punishment? e Typographeo Clarendoniano. 105What noble discussions used to take place in that villa! I have replied to your heaviest accusations, I must now also reply to the rest of them. For just consider a little; and for a moment think of the business like a sober man. And was it in order to collect all these arguments, O you most senseless of men, that you spent so many days in practising declamation in another man’s villa? Beitrag Verfasst: 06.01.2016, 16:46 . And yet you, as if you had wiped off all the soot and smoke in the ensuing days, carried those excellent resolutions in the Capitol, that no document conferring any exemption, or granting any favour, should be published after the ides of March. Although even at that time, when they thought you an excellent man, though I indeed differed from that opinion, you behaved with the greatest wickedness while presiding at the funeral of the tyrant, if that ought to be called a funeral. Nothing of this sort was said. 68Oh the cruel audacity! The rest of his tribuneship was like the beginning. But lest by any chance, while enumerating his numerous exploits, our speech should pass over the finest action of Marcus Antonius, let us come to the Lupercalia. But you are so senseless that throughout the whole of your speech you were at variance with yourself; so that you said things which had not only no coherence with each other, but which were most inconsistent with and contradictory to one another; so that there was not so much opposition between you and me as there was between you and yourself. It is a case in which it ought not to appear so delightful to me not to have been killed by you, as miserable, that it should have been in your power to do such a thing with impunity. But this man, who neither present nor absent could ever obtain from him any favour or justice while he was alive, became quite an influential man with him when he was dead.